Perovskite photovoltaic cells: a new force in the photovoltaic industry, about to lead the new trend of the market
Perovskite, a star product that has attracted much attention in the photovoltaic industry, is about to usher in the outbreak of the market. Perovskite solar photovoltaic cells, known as the third generation of solar photovoltaic cells, have huge potential for improving conversion efficiency, and have become the new favorite of many enterprises and research institutions. Perovskite pilot production lines and module factories have also emerged in many places in China, indicating that perovskite technology is about to move out of the laboratory and officially enter the forefront of the market.
So, what exactly is perovskite? It does not refer specifically to a specific compound containing calcium and titanium, but to a class of metal halide semiconductors with a perovskite-type structure. These substances can be used as light-absorbing materials in the photovoltaic field to make high-performance solar photovoltaic cells. Compared with traditional crystalline silicon solar photovoltaic cells and thin-film solar cells, perovskite solar photovoltaic cells show more advantages in power generation in low light and rainy days due to their unique advantages, such as high conversion efficiency and low cost, and are expected to become a powerful assistant for the development of photovoltaic industry in Chongqing and other Sichuan and Chongqing regions under seasonal climate.
Nationwide, Chongqing and other Sichuan and Chongqing regions with limited seasonal light conditions are not the only ones that have limited seasonal light conditions, in fact, it is not uncommon for areas with even worse light conditions. However, the emergence of perovskite photovoltaic products has undoubtedly brought new hope for the development of new energy in these regions.
Perovskite photovoltaic cells, a new generation of star products, are not only divided into two types: single-junction perovskite cells and tandem perovskite cells, but also attract attention for their unique photoelectric conversion efficiency and abundant raw material resources. Studies have shown that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of single-junction perovskite cells can be as high as 33%, while the efficiency of tandem perovskite cells can be increased to 46%. This significant advantage makes perovskite photovoltaic cells expected to break the efficiency ceiling of pure crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells.
In addition, perovskite photovoltaic cells also have the advantages of abundant raw materials, easy synthesis, and short process flow. Compared with crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, which need to go through multiple links such as silicon materials, silicon wafers, cells, and modules, perovskite cells significantly shorten the intermediate links, thereby reducing costs. At the same time, its lightweight, flexible, and low-light characteristics also bring a broad space for downstream applications, such as potential applications in photovoltaic buildings, power generation walls, power generation stones, and other fields.
Although perovskite photovoltaic cells have undergone more than ten years of research and development, their mass production is still facing considerable difficulties due to the differences between production and experimentation and technical challenges. However, with the continuous progress of technology and the increasing maturity of the market, it is believed that the mass production of perovskite photovoltaic cells will be gradually solved, and its broad market prospects will gradually be revealed.
At present, volatile additives are usually used to stabilize the phase and regulate the crystallization in the preparation of high-performance perovskite solar cells. However, this additive can easily lead to the imbalance of the chemical composition of the perovskite film in a high-temperature environment, which significantly reduces the operating stability of the battery under high-temperature conditions, and greatly reduces the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Studies have shown that there are still a few perovskite solar photovoltaic cell institutions that can achieve stability without decreasing under 1000 hours of continuous sunlight, while reports of 10000 hours of light operation are even rarer. In addition, perovskite photovoltaic cells also face the prominent contradiction between small area and large area low efficiency, that is, the efficiency of large-area perovskite solar cell modules is significantly lower than that of small-area devices, and the efficiency decreases rapidly with the increase of device area. Compared with other similar products, perovskite solar cells have a significant gap in efficiency stability.
These stability and efficiency challenges have become the main obstacles in the mass production process of perovskite devices. Therefore, although perovskites have attracted much attention in the photovoltaic industry, their large-scale mass production still faces considerable difficulties. However, with the intensification of involution in the photovoltaic industry, the room for improvement of photoelectric conversion efficiency and cost of pure crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells is gradually limited. In this context, perovskites, as a representative of future forces, have been widely favored by the industry. Betting on perovskite photovoltaic technology has become a new hope for photovoltaic companies to seek to break through the dilemma of involution.
Not only does the industry have high hopes for perovskites, but the development of perovskites has also been mentioned in policy documents at the national level many times. Since the 13th Five-Year Plan for Scientific and Technological Innovation and the 13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of National Strategic Emerging Industries in 2016 and 2017 proposed to strengthen the research and development of new solar cells such as perovskites, perovskites have become a frequent visitor in policy documents. Since the beginning of this year, Shandong, Henan, Chongqing, Anhui and other places have also clearly proposed to promote the development of the perovskite industry in relevant documents.
With the joint efforts of all parties, the R&D and production of perovskite photovoltaic technology have made remarkable progress. With the gradual expansion of the production scale of perovskite cell modules, its market potential is increasingly emerging, injecting a new force into the photovoltaic market.
